Slide 1
Long-term Renewables Planning Methodology, Inputs and Assumptions
for the 2010 Long-Term Procurement Plan Proceeding
California Public Utilities Commission
December 10-11 2009
· Workshop scope: RPS planning in the LTPP system proceeding
- Not the broader LTPP system planning activities
· Workshop purpose:
- LTPP Status - Discuss new developments, coordination with other planning efforts, etc.
- 33% RPS Implementation Analysis - Review study, comments
- RPS Planning in the 2010 LTPP - Begin refining assumptions and methodologies for an updated study
· Proceeding scope: LTPP system proceeding is not the forum for deciding RPS procurement obligations. Rather, results from RPS analyses could serve three purposes:
- Identify type and quantity of new system (fossil) resources needed reliably integrate renewables - Decided in LTPP system proceeding
- Identify high-level (conceptual) transmission needs to meet renewable targets - Coordinated with ISO's transmission planning process
- Generate alternative RPS procurement strategies - Inform the RPS proceeding
· Direction of LTPP, long-term renewables planning
· 33% RPS Implementation Analysis Preliminary Results
- Portfolio development
- Illustrative timelines
· California ISO 33% RPS Operational Study
· Considering a 33% RPS in 2010 LTPP - proposed approach
· Considering a 33% RPS in 2010 LTPP - proposed inputs and assumptions
· Summary, schedule, next steps
· Previous Commission Decisions
- Since D. 05-07-039, the Commission has stated its intent to integrate long-term RPS planning into the LTPP proceeding.
- D.07-12-052 (2006 LTPP decision) directed parties to work with Energy Division to refine a methodology for RPS resource planning and analysis
· February 14, 2008 Order Instituting Rulemaking (OIR) for the current 2008 LTPP proceeding (R.08-02-007)
- OIR launched to integrate and refine procurement policies, including further analysis regarding the feasibility and cost of 33% renewables
· August 28, 2008 Assigned Commissioner's Ruling (ACR) and Scoping Memo
- Established separate track for Energy Division's 33% RPS Implementation Analysis project
· June 2009 33% RPS Implementation Analysis: Preliminary Report
· July 1, 2009 Amended ACR and Scoping Memo released the Energy Division Straw Proposal on LTPP Planning Standards (Staff Proposal)
· Working Principle - Resource plans should consider the scale of investment in transmission and flexible fossil resources to integrate and deliver new renewables
- Commission "expect[s] the data produced out of RETI...to be utilized in the [LTPP] proceeding." (OIR at p. A-9)
- Transmission permitting based on TEAM decision relies on use of assumptions that are consistent with resource plans and system assumptions used in the procurement proceedings (D.06-11-018 at OP 1 and p. A-2)
· A single, statewide "Renewables and Transmission Study" is needed as a foundational element
· Suspends previously determined schedule
· Signals a split of LTPP into two separate proceedings
- "System" proceeding - Identify CPUC-jurisdictional needs for new resources to meet system RA (driven by PRM) and local RA (driven by LCR), including long-term RPS planning and impacts of OTC mitigation
- "Bundled" proceeding - Bundled procurement policy issues and approval of IOUs' bundled procurement plans
· ACR does not address (1) who will be responsible for system studies, and (2) whether issues in Phase 1 of the 2008 LTPP will be resolved by Decision.
· Acknowledged staff's 33% RPS Implementation Analysis
· Noted parties' general support, in response to the Staff Proposal, for:
- Building from the same basic methodology
- Having staff continue to coordinate a single, statewide study
· Signaled use of an updated RPS study as a direct input into the 2010 LTPP system proceeding
ü Direction of LTPP, long-term renewables planning
· 33% RPS Implementation Analysis Preliminary Results
- Portfolio development
- Illustrative timelines
· California ISO 33% RPS Operational Study
· Considering a 33% RPS in 2010 LTPP - proposed approach
· Considering a 33% RPS in 2010 LTPP - proposed inputs and assumptions
· Summary, schedule, next steps
33% RPS Implementation Analysis - Portfolio Selection Methodology
December 10, 2009
Arne Olson, E3
Carl Linvill, Aspen Environmental Group
Susan Lee, Aspen Environmental Group
· Resource gap calculation and sources of renewable resource cost and availability data
· Renewable resource cost assumptions
· Methodology for selecting portfolios of renewable resources
· Methodology for calculating cost impacts
· Strengths and weaknesses of approach
Input: 2020 load forecast
Input: 2007 existing
resources
Resource gap to meet
RPS by 2020
Input: renewable
resource potential
and cost
Select RE resources
to fill each CREZ
Input: energy and
capacity value
Select CREZs to meet
RPS Target
If needed, add CCGTs
& CTs to meet load
· Start with 2020 load forecast
- Used CEC 2007 IEPR forecast
· Calculate 2020 RPS target, equal to 33% of eligible retail sales
- Excludes retail sales by water agencies
· Estimate quantity of renewable resources online in base year
- Used renewable resource "claims" from CEC 2007 Net System Power Report
· RPS Resource "Gap" is the difference between the 2020 target and the 2007 renewables claims
Slide 15
Note: Gap based on 2007 CEC load forecast minus 2007 claims from CEC Net System Power Report. No adjustments for EE or CHP that is incremental to forecast.
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*
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n ED Project Database
- Contracted or short-listed utility projects
- ED ratings of project viability
n RETI database
- Pre-identified and proxy projects for California and BC
n E3 GHG Calculator
- Estimates of renewable resource availability by resource class for non-California regions
n Original Renewable DG resource potential estimates
*
· Database of contracted and short-listed projects, assigned to zone by E3/Aspen
· Two options for ranking ED RPS projects:
¨ Assume cost is "sunk" (place into zone ranking at zero cost)
¨ Ensures project rises to top of zone list
¨ Improves ranking of zone
¨ Does not guarantee selection
¨ Place into Zone ranking at generic resource cost
¨ Project still rises to top of zone list
¨ Does not necessarily improve zone ranking
· Projects not selected for portfolio unless Zone is selected
*
*
· Categorize projects based on status and CPUC ratings of development risk:
- Category A: Contract approved and low or medium risk
- Category B: Short-listed or pending approval and low or medium risk
- Category C: All projects rated "high risk"
· Category A projects assumed sunk in all cases
· Disposition of Categories B & C depends on case
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*
· Based on Black & Veatch estimates of resource cost, availability and performance
- Combination of "Pre-Identified" and "Proxy" projects
- Geothermal and Biomass resources estimated as distinct projects
- Solar thermal and wind resources estimated by area
· RETI database includes site-specific cost estimates
- Incorporated into 33% RPS model via adjustments to a "generic" resource
· Used for California, Mexico and some BC resources
*
· E3 developed renewable resource cost and performance data as part of our GHG modeling
- Wind and solar data based on NREL GIS modeling
- Geothermal and hydro data from EIA
- Biomass aggregated from various sources
- Additional resource data for BC and Alberta
· Used to seed GHG calculator with renewable
resource options
· For 33% Implementation Analysis, E3 GHG data
is used for US regions outside of California
*
Illustrative Example of Distributed Solar PV
· Distributed generation (DG) is small-scale generation interconnected at sub-transmission system or lower
· Rule 21 sets DG interconnection limit at 15% of peak load on a feeder
- Relaxed to 30% based on assumption that most DG is PV
· Feeder-by-feeder analysis of rooftop PV potential matched to substation loading
· Results:
- 6077 MW of ground-mounted or large rooftop PV in urban areas
- 9000 MW of ground-mounted PV near rural substations (not Rule 21 compliant)
20 MW near substations
Large commercial rooftops
Residential rooftops
· Model logic selects individual resources to fill zones, then selects zones to meet RPS target
- No ability to select individual resources
· Created "zones" for groupings of resources assumed not to need new transmission:
- Distributed Biogas, Distributed Biomass, Distributed Geothermal, Distributed Hydro, Distributed Solar, Distributed Wind, Remote DG
- "Out-of-State Early": 2062 MW of ED Database biomass, geothermal, small hydro and wind projects located in other states
- "Out-of-State Late": 525 MW of ED Database solar thermal projects plus 1400 MW of generic wind projects located in other states
n Alberta
n Arizona-Southern Nevada
n Baja
n Barstow
n British Columbia
n Carrizo North
n Carrizo South
n Colorado
n Cuyama
n Distributed Biogas
n Distributed Biomass
n Distributed CPUC Database
n Distributed Geothermal
n Distributed Solar
n Distributed Wind
n Fairmont
n Imperial East
· Imperial North
· Imperial South
· Inyokern
· Iron Mountain
· Kramer
· Lassen North
· Lassen South
· Montana
· Mountain Pass
· Needles
· NE Nevada
· New Mexico
· Northwest
· Owens Valley
· Out-of-State Early
· Out-of-State Late
· Palm Springs
· Pisgah
· Remote DG
· Reno Area/Dixie Valley
· Riverside East
· Round Mountain
· San Bernardino - Baker
· San Bernardino - Lucerne
· San Diego North Central
· San Diego South
· Santa Barbara
· Solano
· South Central Nevada
· Tehachapi
· Twentynine Palms
· Utah-Southern Idaho
· Victorville
· Wyoming
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· Step 1: Rank projects within each zone
· Step 2: Select projects to fill fixed-size transmission line
· Step 3: Rank and select zones to meet RPS target
· Projects from ED RPS Project Database that are assumed sunk automatically float to top of ranking
Project Ranking Formula
+ Levelized cost of energy
+ Interconnection (gen-tie) costs
+ Deemed integration costs
+ Levelized, per-MWh incremental transmission costs
- Energy value
- Capacity value
- T&D avoided costs
- Adjustment for ED RPS Projects
± Environmental score
= Final project rank
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· Capital cost assumptions for "generic" resource based on average of RETI sites
· Retained RETI's site-specific cost information
· Supplemented with other data sources for resources not considered by RETI
· Assume IPP resource financing
- 60% debt, 40% equity financing structure
- 15.3% cost of equity, 7.3% cost of debt
(based on 3/08 Board of Equalization study)
- 20-year PPA at flat nominal prices
· Different financing for solar projects
- 45% debt, 55% equity - More equity needed to maintain debt service coverage ratios above 1.5
- 13.25% cost of equity - Lower cost of equity to reflect reduced leverage
Slide 29
· Model assumes new transmission required for all projects not in a "Distributed" zone
· Used simple transmission costing model to
estimate cost of new transmission
- Costs based on line miles and voltage
- Assumed single-circuit 500 kV projects with
1500 MW incremental transfer capability for
most zones
- Double-circuit 500 kV AC projects with 3000 MW
incremental transfer capability for large in-state
and most out-of-state zones
- Smaller projects for some California zones
Transmission Costing Assumptions
*
· Market value of the energy produced by the renewable resource can vary depending on gas price, CO2 price, output profile, location
· Calculate implied heat rate with respect to SP15 gas prices for each resource based on simplified output profile:
- Geothermal, biomass: 8520 MMBtu/MWh
- Wind: 8,396 MMBtu/MWh
- Solar: 9,670 MMBtu/MWh
· Energy value is equal to gas price times implied heat rate
· Capacity value is equal to the capacity credit times the cost of capacity purchases avoided due to renewable resource
· Capacity credit varies by resource type (% of nameplate MW):
- Geothermal, biomass: 100%
- Wind: 20% for Northern California, 30% elsewhere
- Solar PV: 51% for fixed ground-mounted, 65% for tracking
- Solar thermal: 70-85% depending on location
· Avoided capacity cost is equal to net annual cost of new CT:
- Gross annual cost of new CT ($182/kW-yr) minus expected market revenue ($52/kW-yr) = net cost ($130/kW-yr)
· Permitting risk incorporated as an adjustment to project ranking:
- Least Risk Projects: No adjustment to project ranking
- Medium Risk Projects: Add $5/MWh to project cost for ranking
- Greater Risk Projects: Add $10/MWh to project cost for ranking
· Applied scoring to projects in ED Project Database as well as RETI/E3 lists
· Intermittent renewable resource integration: assumed $7.50/MWh for wind and solar PV
*
· Previous environmental scoring was based on zonal scores
· Energy Division data base plus Aspen's GIS expertise allowed project level scoring
· Aspen identified project specific factors that are often relevant for environmental analysis
· Aspen produced project specific scores for use by E3 in their portfolio composition process
*
Projects selected by E3 to populate the portfolios come from two sources:
· Projects Identified in RETI Phase 1B (779 projects)
- Grouped by those within a sub-CREZ, within a CREZ and outside a CREZ
- PV projects not analyzed
· Projects included in Energy Division data base (280 projects)
- Matched to RETI pre-identified projects if possible
*
Scoring Components were supplemented based on GIS analysis that allowed for greater location specific characterization
· RETI Environmental Scoring
· Transmission footprint
· Pre-identified vs. Proxy projects
· Proximity to sensitive lands
· Projects on federal land
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· RETI Phase 1B scores
- 30 CREZs scored based on 8 criteria
- Scores range from 2.71 (best) to 26.19 (worst)
· RETI Scores are normalized to allow combination with other environmental factors
· RETI Environmental Project Score for Aspen Methodology
- Within a CREZ, use the RETI normalized score
- In an un-scored sub-CREZ, use the CREZ score
- Non-CREZ Geo & Biomass, assigned with 33 percentile score
- Non- CREZ Solar & Wind, assigned with 50th percentile score
*
· Transmission proximate to a CREZ scores better
· Pre-identified projects score better
· Proximity to sensitive lands score worse
· Projects on Federal land score worse
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· Scores Range from 1 to 5
· An Example:
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· Evaluation of score results for all projects suggested three break points
- Scores below 2 were deemed least risk
- Scores between 2 and 3 were deemed projects of medium risk
- Scores greater than 3 were deemed higher risk
· A cost penalty for potential environmental challenges was imposed as described earlier in the Portfolio Selection portion of this presentation
December 10, 2009
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· Other potential scoring factors, based on Aspen's work on proposed projects in the past year:
- Projects located on lands over 2,500 feet elevation may score worse (greater potential for impacts to biological resources)
- There should be consideration of the differences among solar technologies, for example:
· Solar trough technology requires greatest ground disturbance and uses heat transfer fluid (potentially hazardous)
· Solar PV, power tower, and Stirling Suncatchers can be constructed with "low impact design"
· Height of tallest project components ranges from 10 to 600 feet
*
· Study assumes retirement of 6617 MW of plants using once-through cooling
· Four plants assumed repowered or retrofit on site (2333 MW)
- Capital cost added to 2020 revenue requirement in all cases
· Others replaced as needed depending on load-resource balance
· Total resource additions required to match growth from 2008 - 2020
· Energy balance calculated after adding renewables and OTC repowering
- CCGTs added to meet any remaining energy demand
· Capacity balance calculated after adding CCGTs
- CTs added to meet any remaining capacity demand
· Cost impact of 33% RPS is equal to:
2020 statewide revenue requirement under the 33% RPS case
minus
2020 statewide revenue requirement under the 20% RPS case
2020 Revenue Requirement
+ Existing T&D cost
+ New T&D caused by organic growth
+ Fixed costs of existing Gen.
+ Variable costs of existing Gen.
+ Annualized cost of new renewables
+ Annualized cost of new transmission
+ Annualized cost of new conventional resources
+ Cost of unspecified energy (market purchases)
+ Cost of renewable integration
+ Net cost of CO2 allowances
= 2020 Revenue Requirement
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n 20% RPS Reference Case: Existing state policy with 20% RPS
n 33% RPS Reference Case: Most likely case based on contracts signed by IOUs with project developers
n High Wind Case: Mix of new resources that includes substantial quantities of wind in California and Baja
n Out-of-State Delivered Case: Mix of new resources that includes wind resources in California and Wyoming and geothermal resources in Nevada
n High DG case: Mix of new resources that minimizes the need for new bulk transmission, including 15,000 MW of distributed solar PV
n Low Load Sensitivity: Assume mix of policy-driven resources that substantially reduces 2020 load
n Solar Cost Sensitivity: Assume substantial reduction in the cost of distributed solar PV
n Gas and CO2 Price Sensitivities: Assume dramatically higher and lower natural gas and CO2 prices
· Incremental cost of 33% Ref. Case in 2020:
- +$3.6 billion relative to 20% RPS
- Average retail rate: 16.9¢/kWh
- 7% increase relative to 20% RPS
- High Wind and OOS cases slightly cheaper
· Incremental cost of High DG Case in 2020:
- +$3.8 billion relative to 33% Ref Case
- +$7.4 billion relative to 20% RPS
- Average retail rate: 18.1¢/kWh
- 14.6% increase relative to 20% RPS
Strengths & Weaknesses of 33% RPS Calculator Approach
· Analysis conducted using publicly-available model
· Incorporates IOU solicitation/contract data
· Incorporates environmental/ permitting metric
· Identifies desirable CREZs based on a combination of contracts and theoretical economics
· Incorporates out-of-state resources
· Did not have time or budget to conduct detailed mapping of existing projects to ED Database, TEPPC database, CEC claims database, RETI pre-ID projects, etc.
· Assumes new transmission for most projects - no ability to determine which projects could get built without a renewables trunk line
· Model selects from "bundles" of projects - cannot select individual projects outside of bundle
· Did not look at operational impacts of renewables in this quantity - integration costs based on rule of thumb
· Project viability ratings not very scientific
· Contract/project info already out-of-date; POU data lacking
· DG potential estimates very high-level
Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc. (E3)
Phone: 415-391-5100
Arne Olson, Partner (arne@ethree.com)
Aspen Environmental Group
Phone: 916-379-0350
Carl Linvill (clinvill@aspeneg.com)
Susan Lee (slee@aspeneg.com)
*
Please feel free to contact us if you have any questions about this analysis.
ü Direction of LTPP, long-term renewables planning
· 33% RPS Implementation Analysis Preliminary Results
- Portfolio development
- Illustrative timelines
· California ISO 33% RPS Operational Study
· Considering a 33% RPS in 2010 LTPP - proposed approach
· Considering a 33% RPS in 2010 LTPP - proposed inputs and assumptions
· Summary, schedule, next steps
· Gain understanding of possible timeframe associated with achieving a 33% RPS
· Identify market and regulatory barriers to renewable development
· Identify solutions and their impacts on achievement of a 33% RPS
· Aspen Environmental Group studied historic timelines of generation and transmission projects in California
· Reviewed CAISO, CPUC, CEC, BLM, and other approval timelines
· Identified the types of permitting processes that would apply to developing the reference case portfolios
· Developed "standardized" timelines for major transmission and each type of generation permitting
· 20% RPS Reference Case (9,437 MW):
- Tehachapi
- Solano
- Imperial North
- Riverside East
- distributed + out-of-state projects
· 33% RPS Reference Case (14,361 MW):
- 20% Case - all resources
- Mountain Pass
- Carrizo North
- Needles
- Kramer
- Fairmont
- San Bernardino-Lucerne
- Palm Springs
- Baja
- Riverside East incremental
- distributed + out-of-state projects
Prepared by CPUC Energy Division
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Prepared by CPUC Energy Division
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è Transmission-generation lag could adds significant time
Prepared by CPUC Energy Division
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· Transmission development timeline is driving force in each zone timeline
· 30-month delay for full interconnection of all generation in a zone is built into timeline for each zone
· Agencies face unprecedented numbers of permits, on expedited basis
· Developers in the same region may time permit applications to coincide with timing of transmission availability, potentially swamping regional offices
Key Point:
· Although transmission timing is assumed to be most critical, resource constraints at generation permitting agencies may add delay.
*
· Timeline 1 (Historical experience without process reform)
- 33% RPS achieved in 2024
- Assumes planning, permitting, and construction processes are almost entirely sequential.
· Timeline 2A (Current practice with process reform & no external risks)
- 33% RPS achieved in 2021
- Assumes successful implementation of reforms currently in process
- Assumes no delays due to external risks beyond state control
· Timeline 2B (Current practice with process reform & external risks)
- 33% RPS not achieved
- Assumes state successfully implements reforms, but factors outside state control (technology failure, financing and permitting risk, and public opposition/legal challenges) cause some project delay or failure
*
· Generation interconnection process reform at California Independent System Operator (ISO)
· Streamlined transmission permitting - environmental review and need determination - at CPUC
· Streamlined generation permitting
· Successful implementation of the Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative
· Planning for renewable resources in 2010 Transmission Planning process at California ISO - "Conceptual 33% RPS Master Plan" by Q1 2010
· Transmission corridor designation at California Energy Commission
*
*
Result: 33% RPS Reference Case is not achieved using current procurement strategy
Prepared by CPUC Energy Division
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· Strengths:
- First-of-its kind attempt to identify development barriers associated with a specific set of generation and transmission projects
- Quantified effects of reforms underway and identified need for others
· Weaknesses:
- Performed only on 33% Reference Scenario
- No iterations by which the Reference Scenario could be augmented with more zones or distributed generation when development in some areas was delayed or failed
ü Direction of LTPP, long-term renewables planning
ü 33% RPS Implementation Analysis Preliminary Results
- Portfolio development
- Illustrative timelines
· California ISO 33% RPS Operational Study
· Considering a 33% RPS in 2010 LTPP - proposed approach
· Considering a 33% RPS in 2010 LTPP - proposed inputs and assumptions
· Summary, schedule, next steps
· Study is a crucial input to LTPP - operational impacts of a 33% RPS inform size and type of fossil need
· ISO is studying the impacts of the scenarios developed for the 33% Implementation Analysis
· CPUC anticipates using results to inform:
- Need determination in LTPP (in scope today)
- Consideration of bids in RPS procurement process (out of scope today)
CAISO 33% RPS Operational Study
Udi Helman, PhD
Principal, Markets and Infrastructure Division
CPUC Public Workshop:
Long-term Renewable Planning Methodologies, Inputs, and Assumptions for the 2010 Long-Term Procurement Plan Proceeding
December 10, 2009
*
· Objectives of Operational Study - Phase 1 and 2
· Overview of Inputs and Study Limitations
· Status and Schedule
Slide *
· Simulates the California power system in 2020 under alternative CPUC 33% RPS renewable generation scenarios
- Reference Case
- High Wind Case
- High Distributed Generation Case
- High Imports Case
- 20% Reference Case
- All Gas Case
· Two Phases
- First Phase underway
· Step 1 - Simulation of renewable integration operational requirements
· Step 2 - Production simulation with WECC zonal transmission network model
- Second Phase in Spring 2010
Slide *
· Estimates added intra-hour variability under each studied renewable portfolio
· Calculate the following:
- Regulation Up and Regulation Down capacity and ramp requirements by hour and season
- Load-following capacity requirements by hour and season
- Generic ramp rate requirements by hour and season
· Isolates the contribution to system variability of load, wind resources and solar resources.
· Methodology originally used in ISO 2007 study, now updated
· Required intensive development of 1-min load, wind and solar profiles
Slide *
Maximum upward increase from 2500 MW to 5100 MW in HE 8.
Maximum downward decrease from 2100 MW to 5200 MW in HE 18.
Slide *
Slide *
· Dynamic optimization model that simulates the power system using least-cost commitment and dispatch of resources to meet load in an hourly time-step
· For each renewable portfolio it will determine:
- Integration costs measured in changes in production costs ($/MWh) between a benchmark scenario and alternative renewable/load scenarios
- Fixed costs of additional conventional generation needed to integrate renewables
- Hours of congestion for CA paths modeled (inter-bubble transmission and Path 15)
- GHG emissions
- Ramp and capacity constraint violations/overgeneration results by bubble, by month and day, before and after addressing violations
- Natural Gas usage in CA for power generation for the year
Slide *
· Supply
- CPUC Renewable Scenarios
- Anticipated new conventional resources
- Additional conventional resources to achieve PRM
- Demand Response
· Ancillary Services requirements -- Regulation (from Step 1) and Operating Reserves
· Transmission Network
· Demand (Load) - CEC September Updated High Load Case
· Environmental emissions factors (GHG)
Slide *
· California state-wide system modeled
- PG&E Valley
- PG&E Bay
- SMUD
- SCE
- SDG&E
- LADWP
- IID
- TID
· Rest of WECC
Slide *
· Generic generation data (Pmin, Pmax; Min. up- and down time; Ramp rates; Ancillary Service Ranges); checked by CAISO against confidential Master File data for consistency
· California hourly hydro generation and AS contribution is based on data obtained from IOUs
· Renewable resources assumed to be fixed output profiles (not dispatchable)
- Second phase will modify this assumption
Slide *
§ Regulation-Up
§ Regulation-Down
§ Spin
§ Non-Spin
§ Unserved Energy
§ Over-generation
* Either insufficient ramping capability or insufficient available capacity results in one of the above violations. Exact penalty costs in optimization to be determined.
Slide *
· Transmission Build-out
- Only minimal adjustments to transmission capacity in operational study; no calculation of realistic 33% RPS transmission costs (see, e.g., ISO regional transmission studies)
· Operational/Transmission Planning
- No consideration of commitment or dispatch uncertainty, i.e., forecast error in the production cost simulation
- No intra-hour modeling of operations
- No evaluation of intertial requirements needed to withstand contingencies
- No evaluation of system harmonics, transient or post-transient stability
Consideration of these elements will tend to increase the need for integration capacity with likely increase in costs and emissions levels
Slide *
· Focuses on quantifying impacts of alternative solutions to mitigating variability and possible study refinements
· Demand response
· Solar defocusing
· Feathering wind resources
· Storage
· Will provide further insight into:
- Changes in operational requirements
- Changes in production costs
- Changes in GHG emissions
- Changes in capital costs (off-line calculation)
Slide *
· Core Study Team (Phase 1) - responsible for doing the work
- ISO - study design, assumptions and outputs
- CPUC - study design, assumptions and outputs
- SCE - primary modeling responsibility
- Nexant - project management and resource profiling
· Working Group - represents a cross-section of industry and provides input on methodology, assumptions and outputs through weekly calls
- CEC
- PG&E
- WPTF
- TURN
- Large Scale Solar Association
- CalWEA
· Other Public forums - ISO will hold at least two "stakeholder" meetings to discuss preliminary and final results
Slide *
· Phase 1
- Step 1 results complete by Dec. 18th
- Step 2 model setup complete
- Step 2 modeling completed by mid-January 2010
- ISO finalizes results by early February 2010
- ISO prepares report by Spring 2010
· Phase 2 modeling begins in Spring 2010
Slide *
ü Direction of LTPP, long-term renewables planning
ü 33% RPS Implementation Analysis Preliminary Results
- Portfolio development
- Illustrative timelines
ü California ISO 33% RPS Operational Study
· Considering a 33% RPS in 2010 LTPP - proposed approach
· Considering a 33% RPS in 2010 LTPP - proposed inputs and assumptions
· Summary, schedule, next steps
· Reminder of working principle: Resource plans should consider the scale of investment in transmission and flexible fossil resources to integrate and deliver new renewables
· A single, statewide "Renewables and Transmission Study" is needed as a foundational element
Focus of today's workshop
"SYSTEM PLAN"
System Portfolios
RPS Portfolios
RPS Portfolios
EE
CHP
CSI/DG
Clean Fossil
Metrics
· Cost/risk
· Time
· Env./GHG
Constraints
· Reliability/
PRM
· AB32 caps
ENERGY (GWh)
CAPACITY (MW)*
Staff-generated,
with party input
IOU-generated,
with party input
"Need" =
Proceeding
Outcome
IOU- or Staff-generated,
with party input
*While the focus of system planning is to ensure sufficient capacity, the system plan would need to assess energy as well to demonstrate consistency with RPS and GHG laws.
Timeframe for New OIR
on 2010 LTPP System Proceeding
1st Workshop
Dec 10-11, 2009
2nd Workshop
Final RPS
Methods Report
Draft Staff Report
on Proposed RPS
Inputs, Assumptions & Methods
("Draft RPS Methods Report")
Formal Comments
on Draft RPS
Methods Report
Formal
Comments
ACR/Scoping Memo
for 2010 LTPP System
"Locks Down"
Required
RPS
Portfolios
Draft Staff Results
for Required* RPS Portfolios
Party Filing of
Alternative Proposals for
Required RPS Portfolios
* Required RPS portfolios are those that must be included in the 2010 LTPP system analysis, whether staff or IOUs are ultimately responsible for the complete system analysis.
· Scenario - A possible future set of conditions about policy requirements, market realities or resource development choices. A set of conditions that define the supply-side resource stack.
· Sensitivity - A change in an input (e.g., load, PV cost) due to an alternative set of assumptions (e.g., about demand-side resource achievements - EE, CSI/DG, CHP, etc.), within the same scenario.
· Case - Any single combination of scenario and sensitivity (e.g. 33% Reference Scenario/High Load Sensitivity)
· Portfolio - A specific set of resources to meet the requirements of a case.
Sensitivity
Load
Scenario
33% Reference
33% High DG
33% OOS
Portfolio:
(2020)
Biogas - 280 MW
Biomass - 390 MW
Geothermal - 1440 MW
Hydro, Sm. - 25 MW
Solar PV - 3235 MW
Solar Thermal - 6764 MW
Wind - 7573 MW
Inputs, Assumptions and Methodology
· Assumptions should reflect the behavior of market participants, to the extent possible
· Methodology should be consistent with previous regulatory decisions, to the extent applicable
· Any proposal should explain the policy basis for the proposal
· Any proposal must include supporting documentation
RPS Scenarios
· RPS scenarios should be reasonably feasible and reflect plausible procurement strategies with associated (conceptual) transmission.
· RPS scenarios should represent substantially unique procurement strategies resulting in material changes to corresponding (fossil) procurement needs and/or required (conceptual) transmission.
· RPS scenarios should be limited to 3-5
Trajectory Scenario
High DG Scenario
Balanced Scenario
33%
High Out-of-State Scenario
Environ-mentally
Preferred Scenario
RPS generation contracted and under negotiation
Discounted Core
Re-DEC
Re-DEC is a statewide stakeholder effort to better understand the challenges and identify solutions to integrate increasing levels of renewable energy into the grid.
· System-side renewable distributed generation (DG) that is dispersed throughout the grid is playing an increasing role in meeting CA's renewable energy goals
· New and proposed system-side renewable DG programs include:
- Existing feed-in tariff (FIT) program, recently amended by SB 32
- Utility solar programs/proposals
- Consideration of an expanded FIT program in R.08-08-009
· Stakeholders have identified a number of challenges that impact both project developers and grid operators as increasing volumes of renewable DG attempt to interconnect to the distribution grid
· Re-DEC will inform an implementation analysis of a High DG scenario
- Data collection, analysis, and stakeholder feedback from Re-DEC will be used to identify implementation steps and timing for the High DG Case
· Kick-off meeting held on December 9th
- Stakeholders identified challenges with interconnection of distributed renewable generation
- Challenges categorized by:
· Implementation timeframe (near-term versus long-term)
· Implementation effort (easy versus difficult)
- Stakeholders discussed potential solutions
ü Direction of LTPP, long-term renewables planning
ü 33% RPS Implementation Analysis Preliminary Results
- Portfolio development
- Illustrative timelines
ü California ISO 33% RPS Operational Study
ü Considering a 33% RPS in 2010 LTPP - proposed approach
· Considering a 33% RPS in 2010 LTPP - proposed inputs and assumptions
· Summary, schedule, next steps
· 33% RPS Implementation Analysis Preliminary Results considered relative cost of scenarios, but only Reference Case was assessed for risk and development timing
· Balanced consideration of cost, risk and time is crucial to effective long-term planning
- Develop effective, balanced, least-cost, best-fit portfolios
- Identify barriers, risks, and implications early, in time to work on solutions
· Black & Veatch is developing a tool to evaluate the risk and timing associated with individual projects, as an input into portfolio development and as a means for assessing overall portfolios
Timeline and Risk Analysis Tool
CPUC LTPP/RPS Workshop
December 11, 2009
Renewable energy portfolios developed for several cases:
· 20% base case
· 33% cases - CPUC approved contracts AND 39 TWh from:
- Base case - CPUC pending and shortlisted
- High distributed generation - local DG projects
- High out-of-state delivered - out of state wind
- High wind - California and Mexico wind
Timelines were developed for the 20% and 33% base case only, including barriers and reforms
l Base timeline - business as usual, no reforms/risks
l Reforms only
l Reforms + External Risks
· Previous work concludes that under base case assumptions, it is unlikely that California will meet RPS goals
· We are currently examining the three alternative cases:
- High distributed generation
- High out-of-state delivered
- High wind
· For each case, we are considering:
- Business as usual
- Barriers, constraints, external risks
- Opportunities for reform
· Analyze the Timing and Risk in reaching California's 33% RPS Goal
· Defined Portfolios = Approved Contracts + Proxy Projects
- Approved Contracts - Project Development Status Reports (PDSR)
- Proxy projects - Projects from E3, scheduling factors from Black & Veatch
· Generic scheduling factors based on
- Technology
- Project size
- Land type
- Location
· Dynamically generated
· Aggregated portfolios for alternative cases presented with summary timelines and yearly generation charts
· Timelines for individual projects available for review
· Project development (permitting/interconnection) and construction are broken out
Example Only
· Research is being performed on potential barriers, constraints, reforms and their scheduling impacts
· Timelines able to be dynamically modified by the user based on:
- Barriers, constraints
- Reforms
- Transmission development
- Project viability
· Planned projects are scored for risk based on:
- Company/development team
- Technology and resource quality
- Development milestones
· Site control
· Permitting
· Financing
· Transmission
· Interconnection
· Project viability scores for planned projects will be imported into the timeline tool
· Multiple potential applications
- Exclude projects below a certain viability score
- Delay projects on viability characteristics
- Visualize timeline data by viability
· Yearly generation charts can be broken out by viability class - high, medium, and low viability
Example Only
Questions?
Slide 112
Comments on the 33% RPS Implementation Analysis:
Preliminary Results
and
Staff Recommendations for 2010 LTPP
· A number of other topics were raised
· All ideas were considered
· Some comments not addressed here since:
- Previously addressed
- Out of scope
- Not relevant to LTTP
Focus of today's workshop
"SYSTEM PLAN"
System Portfolios
RPS Portfolios
RPS Portfolios
EE
CHP
CSI/DG
Clean Fossil
Metrics
· Cost/risk
· Time
· Env./GHG
Constraints
· Reliability/
PRM
· AB32 caps
ENERGY (GWh)
CAPACITY (MW)*
Staff-generated,
with party input
IOU-generated,
with party input
"Need" =
Proceeding
Outcome
IOU- or Staff-generated,
with party input
*While the focus of system planning is to ensure sufficient capacity, the system plan would need to assess energy as well to demonstrate consistency with RPS and GHG laws.
· Feedback on Fossil
- Issues with fossil capacity factors, units included, and types of units (SCE)
· Feedback on Demand Response (DR)
- Should include more DR (CLECA)
· Staff proposal
- Address in future vetting of LTTP assumptions
· Feedback
- Updated load forecast should be used (Attorney General, Joint Renewable Parties)
- Impact of economic downturn should be reflected (Attorney General)
· Staff proposal
- Incorporate 2009 CEC Load Forecast
· Feedback
- CARB AB 32 Scoping Plan should be incorporated into analysis (Attorney General, CAC/EPUC)
· Staff proposal
- Include CARB AB 32 Scoping Plan measures as a "sensitivity"
http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scopingplan.htm
· Feedback
- 2007 data is not sufficient (PG&E, SDG&E, Attorney General, DRA, Joint Renewable Parties)
· Staff proposal
- Incorporate 2008 CEC Net System Report data
- Include updated ED database projects
http://www.energy.ca.gov/2009publications/CEC-200-2009-010/CEC-200-2009-010-CMF.PDF
What is online from ED DB
· Feedback
- More detail is needed on incorporating OTC retirements (Attorney General, CLECA)
· Staff Proposal
- Update OTC retirements to include the results of the May 19, 2009 joint energy agency proposal, Implementation of OTC Mitigation Through Energy Infrastructure Planning and Procurement Changes
http://www.energy.ca.gov/2009publications/CEC-200-2009-013/CEC-200-2009-013-SD.PDF
· Feedback
- Wind and/or solar costs are too high (Attorney General, GreenVolts, Joint Renewable Parties, UCS)
- Likely underestimate rate impacts (PG&E)
- Should use CEC COMPARATIVE COSTS OF CALIFORNIA CENTRAL STATION ELECTRICITY GENERATION supplemented by RETI (UCS)
· Staff proposal
- Update costs for LTTP using revised RETI cost of generation inputs
http://www.energy.ca.gov/2009publications/CEC-200-2009-017/CEC-200-2009-017-SD.PDF
Ongoing B&V work with a RETI WG. Expected by the end of the year. (Use CEC for fossil only).
· Feedback
- Concern over potential double counting of projects in both ED Database and projects identified by RETI (PG&E)
· Staff proposal
- Remove any duplication of projects in analysis
· Feedback
- Storage should be included in the analysis (MegaWatt, Attorney General)
· Staff proposal
- Storage will be included in Phase II of the CAISO 33% RPS Integration Study
· Feedback
- Overgeneration should be considered in the analysis (MegaWatt)
· Staff proposal
- CAISO 33% RPS Integration Study includes analysis of overgeneration
· Feedback
- Concern over technical feasibility (PG&E, SCE)
- Concern over economic feasibility (SCE, SDG&E)
- Assumptions on DG potential are not sufficiently aggressive (RightCycle, Attorney General)
- High DG case is plausible (DRA, CEERT, UCS)
· Staff proposal
- Renewable Distributed Energy Collaborative (Re-DEC) to investigate the technical feasibility
- CAISO 33% RPS Integration Study to include High DG Case
· Feedback
- 15 GW of PV in High DG case is not feasible (PG&E, CLECA, SCE)
- Amount of PV in High DG case is feasible (RightCycle, CEERT, DRA, GPI, CARE, UCS)
· Staff proposal
- Implementation analysis of High DG case
- Re-DEC to provide guidance and analysis
· Feedback
- 7,200 MW of solar thermal is feasible by 2020 (SCE,PG&E, SDG&E, CEERT)
- Amount of solar thermal in 33% RPS reference case is not feasible (RightCycle, CARE, DRA)
· Staff proposal
- Create a new more realistic balanced scenario
- Incorporate input from the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan (DRECP)
Using a more nuanced approach to considering risk and time
· Feedback
- Should include different and/or more realistic scenarios (GreenVolts, RightCycle, DRA, SCE)
· Staff proposal
- Include a new scenario that is more feasible
- All scenarios will be revised to be more realistic
- Plan to include Energy Division (ED) database projects as core of each portfolio
· Feedback
- Updated Resource Adequacy (RA) values should be used (SCE)
· Staff proposal
- Incorporate current NQC approach from '09 RA Decision (D.09-06-028)
http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PUBLISHED/FINAL_DECISION/102755.htm
· Feedback
- Project viability should be updated based on latest information from IOUs (PG&E)
· Staff proposal
- Include updated project viability information in analysis
· Feedback
- High Out-of-State Delivered case is feasible (SCE, SDG&E, PG&E, CEERT)
- High Out-of-State Delivered case requires further analysis (CLECA, GPI, RightCycle, CARE, DRA)
· Staff proposal
- 2010 LTPP will include implementation analysis of all required RPS scenarios
· Feedback
- Unbundled RECs should be analyzed (SCE)
· Staff proposal
- Analyze unbundled RECs if they become legal in California
- Amount and price are highly uncertain
· Feedback
- Timelines need to be updated (SDG&E)
· Staff proposal
- Compile timelines for the new portfolios
· Update projects expected to come online based on the following sources:
- POU procurement plan information from the CEC
- 2009 IOU solicitations
- DRECP
- RETI
DRECP is a work in progress
RETI updates in RE supply is expected by the end of the year
· Feedback
- Transmission costs are too high (Joint Renewable Parties, UCS, Attorney General)
· Staff proposal
- Update transmission costs based on RETI, ISO and CTPG studies, other sources
Have consistently indicated that tx values are rough
· Feedback
- Capability of existing transmission to incorporate new renewable generation should be analyzed (SCE, CARE, SDG&E, CEERT, CLECA, RightCycle, DRA, UCS)
- Analysis part of existing transmission planning and permitting processes (PG&E)
· Staff proposal
- Use information from CAISO, CTPG as available to inform assessment of available capacity on existing transmission
· Feedback
- New transmission is needed (SCE, PG&E, SDG&E, CEERT, CLECA, GPI, DRA)
- New transmission is not needed (RightCycle, CARE)
· Staff proposal
- Re-DEC will assess viability of High-DG case with little need for new transmission
- CAISO, RETI, CTPG will inform assumptions about transmission needed for utility-scale generation
ü Direction of LTPP, long-term renewables planning
ü 33% RPS Implementation Analysis Preliminary Results
- Portfolio development
- Illustrative timelines
ü California ISO 33% RPS Operational Study
ü Considering a 33% RPS in 2010 LTPP - proposed approach
ü Considering a 33% RPS in 2010 LTPP - proposed inputs and assumptions
· Summary, schedule, next steps