2. Using Business Voicemail

Call forwarding is integral to the use of three of these voicemail products (Series 50 Plus, Series 100, and Series 100 Plus), and it can be used to expand the function of the fourth (Series 50). Defendants' witness Jones explained that a business customer who ordered Series 50 or Series 100 from PBIS could obtain

call forwarding by ordering it either from Pacific or a CLC. The call forwarding services Pacific offers to end users (residential and business customers) are tariffed in its Schedule Cal. P.U.C. No. A5.4, entitled "Premium Exchange Services"; the description of the call forwarding services available to business customers begins at A5.4.11 under the heading "Custom Calling Services - Business."

Pacific also offers call forwarding services to ESPs, such as PBIS, for inclusion with products like voicemail Series 50 Plus and Series 100 Plus. Such call forwarding services are among the "complementary network services" tariffed in Pacific's Schedule Cal. P.U.C. No. A5.11, titled "Enhanced Service Provider Services."

Whether a business customer has obtained call forwarding directly from Pacific (as a "custom calling service") or through an ESP (as a "complementary network service"), the service functions in the same way - it transfers an incoming call from the customer's business telephone line to the associated voice mailbox. As defendants' witness Carrisalez explained, each time an incoming call is transferred from a customer's business telephone line to a voice mailbox, Pacific bills the transfer itself as an outgoing call on the customer's business line. Message retrieval incurs the same charges - a call from the customer's business line to the associated voice mailbox for the purpose of retrieving any messages is an outgoing business call. Under Pacific's Schedule Cal. P.U.C. No. A5.2, "Local Exchange Service," business telephone service is a measured rate service which means, basically, that the business customer is billed for all outgoing calls to the local exchange and Zone Usage Measurement (ZUM) service zones 1, 2, and 3. The per-minute business rate for local calls is approximately three cents for the first minute and one cent for each additional minute. Lower rates apply to calls made in the evening, at night, or on weekends.