¹ See PU Code sec. 8281 et seq. and General Order 156.

² This and several parts of this document are adapted from the California Emerging Technology Fund without further attribution. California Emerging Technology Fund Strategic Plan (May 2007), http://www.cetfund.org/docs/register/CETF%20Strategic%20Action%20Plan.pdf.

³ E.g. Dennis McGrath et al., The Collaborative Advantage: Lessons from K-16 Educational Reform (2005).

⁴ E.g. ConnectEd & Career Academy Support Network, A Profile of The California Partnership Academies 2004-2005 (March 2007), http://www.connectedcalifornia.org/publications/CA_Partnerships.pdf.

⁵ California Department of Education, Career Technical Education Standards (2005), http://www.cde.ca.gov/re/pn/fd/documents/careertechstnd.pdf.

⁶ Bernstein, Robert, U.S. Census Press Release (May 17, 2007), http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/population/010048.html.

⁷ Hans P. Johnson & Deborah Reed: Can California Import Enough College Graduates to Meet Workforce Needs? (Public Policy Institute of California, California Counts May 2007), http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=750; see also Ellen Hanak & Mark Baldassare, ed., California 2025: Taking on the Future (Public Policy Institute of California, California Counts 2003), http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_605MB2R.pdf.

⁸ Harvard Civil Rights Project, Confronting the Graduation Rate Crisis in California, citing research of Dr. Russell Rumberger, UC Santa Barbara, http://www.civilrightsproject.harvard.edu/research/dropouts/dropouts05.pdf.

⁹ Walter S. Gilliam, Prekindegarteners Left Behind: Expulsion Rates in State Prekindergarten Systems (Yale University Child Study Center 2005). See also e.g. National Governor's Association, Early Intervention, http://www.subnet.nga.org /educlear/ achievement /college/college_problem.html.

¹⁰ Education Trust West data, http://www2.edtrust.org/edtrust.

¹¹ Ibid; National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP 2004 Long Term Trends.

¹² See Education Trust, http://www2.edtrust.org/edtrust; ETS, America's Perfect Storm: Three Forces Changing Our Nation's Future (2007); http://www.ets.org.

¹³ E.g. Gary Orfield, Daniel Losen, Johanna Wald, & Christopher Swanson, The Civil Rights Project at Harvard University, Losing Our Future: How Minority Youth Are Being Left Behind by the Graduation Rate Crisis (2004), http://www.civilrightsproject.harvard.edu/research/dropouts/dropouts04.php.

¹⁴ Robert Balfanz & Nettie Legters, Locating the Dropout Crisis Which High Schools Produce the Nation's Dropouts? Where Are They Located? Who Attends Them?, http://www.csos.jhu.edu/crespar/techReports/Report70.pdf; Robert Balfanz & Nettie Legters, The Graduation Rate Crisis We Know and What Can be Done About It, Education Week Commentary, (July 12, 2006).

¹⁵ ACT, College Readiness, Rigor at Risk: Reaffirming Quality in the High School Core Curriculum (2007), http://www.act.org/path/policy/pdf/rigor_report.pdf; Tracy A. Huebner & Grace Calisi Corbett, Rethinking High School: Five Profiles of Innovative Models for Success (2004), http://www.wested.org/online_pubs/gates.profiles.pdf.

¹⁶ ACT supra n. 15, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Remediation and Degree Completion, The Condition of Education, http://nces.ed.gov/programs/ coe/2004/section3/table.asp?tableid=59; U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Student Effort and Educational Progress (2005), The Condition of Education, http://nces.ed.gov/programs/ coe/2005/ section3/indicator22.asp.

¹⁷ Christopher B. Swanson, Who Graduates in California and Who Graduates in California Minority Students Lag Behind, Effects of Segregation Persist (March 2005), http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/900794_who_graduates_CA.pdf; California Graduation, supra n. 8.

¹⁸ Balfanz, supra n. 14.

¹⁹ Colleen Moore & Nancy Shulock, State of Decline? Gaps in College Access and Achievement Call for Renewed Commitment to Educating Californians, (Institute for Higher Education Leadership and Policy October 2006.); Colleen Moore & Nancy Shulock, Variations on a Theme: Higher Education Performance in California by Region and Race (Institute for Higher Education Leadership & Policy June 2005) California Postsecondary Education Commission, College-Going Rates by Ethnicity and Gender, http://www.cpec.ca.gov/OnLineData/CACGREthnicity.asp; Accountability System: Diversity Report, http://www.cpec.ca.gov/Accountability/DiversityReport.ASP; Measuring Up California State Report Card, http://measuringup.highereducation.org/_docs/2006/statereports/CA06.pdf.

²⁰ California Counts, supra n. 7.